Mac OS X Launched 25 Years Ago Today: “The Future of the Mac”

Today marks the 25th anniversary of Apple launching Mac OS X, the operating system that serves as the foundation of modern-day macOS.

Apple released a public beta of Mac OS X in September 2000, and the operating system officially launched on March 24, 2001.

“Mac OS X is the future of the Mac, and we hope it will delight our customers with its unrivaled power and ease of use,” said Steve Jobs, in 2001. “The Public Beta has generated incredible feedback and support from Mac users and developers, which has helped us to make Mac OS X the most advanced operating system ever.”

Mac OS X was a next-generation, UNIX-based operating system for the Mac, succeeding the classic Mac OS operating system. It ushered in Apple’s iconic “Aqua” interface, the Dock, an improved Finder app with hierarchical navigation, and more.

“Mac OS X is the most important software from Apple since the original Macintosh operating system in 1984 that revolutionized the entire industry,” said Jobs.

In the U.S., Mac OS X was priced at $129. Apple stopped charging for macOS releases in 2013, when OS X Mavericks was released free of charge.

Mac OS X was renamed to OS X in 2012 and to macOS in 2016:

    • Mac OS X 10.0 (2001): “Cheetah”
    • Mac OS X 10.1 (2001): “Puma”
    • Mac OS X 10.2 (2002): Jaguar
    • Mac OS X 10.3 (2003): Panther
    • Mac OS X 10.4 (2005): Tiger
    • Mac OS X 10.5 (2007): Leopard
    • Mac OS X 10.6 (2009): Snow Leopard
    • Mac OS X 10.7 (2011): Lion
    • OS X 10.8 (2012): Mountain Lion
    • OS X 10.9 (2013): Mavericks
    • OS X 10.10 (2014): Yosemite
    • OS X 10.11 (2015): El Capitan
    • macOS 10.12 (2016): Sierra
    • macOS 10.13 (2017): High Sierra
    • macOS 10.14 (2018): Mojave
    • macOS 10.15 (2019): Catalina
    • macOS 11 (2020): Big Sur
    • macOS 12 (2021): Monterey
    • macOS 13 (2022): Ventura
    • macOS 14 (2023): Sonoma
    • macOS 15 (2024): Sequoia
    • macOS 26 (2025): Tahoe

Mac OS X was a big part of Apple’s renaissance, which began when Jobs returned to the company in the late 1990s. Big hits in those first few years after his return included the iMac in 1998, the iBook in 1999, and Mac OS X and the iPod in 2001. In this sense, it is poetic that this milestone comes just a week ahead of Apple’s 50th anniversary.

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A Cure For My Biggest Complaints About MacOS Tahoe

There were two things that immediately turned me off to macOS Tahoe. First and foremost was the removal of Launchpad. Secondly was the much-touted liquid glass.

I hated both so much in fact (not to mention the myriad of other annoying graphic glitches) that I after 48 hours of work that was unnecessarily difficult, I successfully reverted back to macOS Sequoia. But with the arrival of Tahoe 26.3 and the general consensus from the community that the majority of the glitches had been ironed out, I went ahead and upgraded again.

This time, however, I came prepared with the couple months’ worth of knowledge that came in the wake of this release.

Apple finally fixed the transparency bug that allows you to get rid of liquid glass by toggling “reduce transparency” in the Display section of the Accessibility pane of System Settings.

The lack of Launchpad was solved by a third-party program called LaunchOS. It restores the Launchpad that we all know and love, and it’s well worth the $6 for the permanent license.

Safe To Upgrade…Finally?

After a very unpleasant experience with Apple’s latest macOS, Tahoe, back in December—and successfully downgrading back to Sequoia without becoming homicidal, I swore it off.

Based on everything I read online subsequently, I wasn’t the only one. “Worst O/S release in years!” seemed to be the common refrain. “Half baked, not ready for prime time!”

Usually Apple manages to iron out the little glitches in a new O/S within the first couple itertions. Unfortunately, based on what everyone was saying, the problems apparently continued through the 26.1 and 26.2 releases.

But this week, Apple released Tahoe 26.3 and the interwebs were strangely supportive. People were saying that nearly all of the glitches they’d been experiencing had been cleared up and it was running as well as Sequoia.

Hesitantly—very hesitantly—after doing a full backup, I went ahead and pulled the trigger on the upgrade. Despite the good reviews, I was still fully expecting to spend my evening (and no doubt a good portion of tomorrow) downgrading everything again.

But hey, at least this time I knew what would need to be done.

Imagine my surprise when the installation completed, the machine rebooted and, well…it just worked!*

Yeah, I had to turn off the glass effects via the “Reduce Transparency” toggle in System Settings → Accessibility → Vision → Display because I still hate “liquid glass” (although it’s not as bad it had been previously to 26.3), and once that was done it was golden.

So if you’ve been holding off upgrading because of all the bad press, I can tell you that at least in my own case, everything is finally working as it should. Please note that your mileage may vary and to proceed at your own risk. Don’t say I didn’t warn ya!

*one pretty striking glitch remains that I didn’t catch because I rarely use column view in Finder, so if you do be aware that this is still semi-broken..

“Fuck You, Make Me” Without Saying The Words

Elizabeth Lopatto, writing at The Verge, “Tim Cook and Sundar Pichai Are Cowards”:

Since X’s users started using Grok to undress women and children using deepfake images, I have been waiting for what I assumed would be inevitable: X getting booted from Apple’s and Google’s app stores. The fact that it hasn’t happened yet tells me something serious about Silicon Valley’s leadership: Tim Cook and Sundar Pichai are spineless cowards who are terrified of Elon Musk.

Lopatto’s outrage and righteous anger are justified, but I think mostly misdirected. Apple and Google — and thus, Cook and Pichai, as the men who sit behind the desks where the buck stops at both companies — are culpable. But this is ultimately not about them, and not about Musk. It’s Trump, as president, they fear. Not Musk. And they are correct to fear Trump.

Year one of Trump 2.0 has crystallized what had become — after decades of deliberate restraint after World War II, and even more so after the end of the Cold War — overlooked. The Presidency of the United States bestows upon its officeholder enormous, unparalleled, power. No one was afraid of Trump after he lost to Joe Biden in 2020. The man was convicted of 34 felonies in a cold New York City courtroom in May 2024, a mere 19 months ago. Trump expected and asked for riots outside the courtroom. He got nothing but pathetic support from a handful of kooks. A year earlier, he lost a humiliating sexual assault civil lawsuit to E. Jean Carrol. Trump, just a year and a half ago, was a buffoon getting his mug shot taken. Today he’s arguing that his power is unchecked by anything other than his own sense of morality.

No other president has ever abused (or, if you support him, wielded) the powers of the office like Trump has. The power and influence of Tim Cook and Sundar Pichai, CEOs of two of the top five companies in the world, isn’t merely superseded by Trump’s power and influence as president. Their power and influence are dwarfed by Trump’s. Any credible argument about how they should act must acknowledge that profound imbalance.

Lopatto, in her closing:

I never want to hear any moral grandstanding from these boys ever again. The next time Tim Cook says “privacy is a human right,” the only possible response is to laugh in his face. I mean, Apple and Google are fine distributing an app that has created an undressed image Grok made of Renee Nicole Good, the mother who was shot by ICE in Minneapolis. How do you plan to defend getting rid of the ICEBlock app while allowing X to generate degrading images of a woman ICE killed? Can Apple and Google even identify their values beyond their commitment to “shareholder value”? What’s your fucking endgame here, guys?

The profound power imbalance here is frustrating. But also terrifying. It’s folly to think these CEOs should steer their companies into direct confrontation with Trump. It would do no ultimate good for Apple or Google to burn themselves to the ground in protest. These men aren’t beholden to shareholders, per se. They’re doing their duty to institutions they’ve devoted their lives to. Companies that are worth preserving and protecting. Perhaps not in your estimation, but certainly from theirs.

But abject obsequiousness — which more and more seems the path Cook and Pichai are choosing — is no more justifiable a response than corporate suicide. The situation is not binary: acquiescence or war. There is a broad middle ground, founded on principle.

Disney’s response to the Jimmy Kimmel controversy a few months ago shows the way. Defend the company’s principles while simultaneously defending the company from Trump’s demented wrath. You can take the position of “Fuck you, make me” without ever saying those words. Objection is not confrontation. Do the right thing and enforce the App Store and Play Store guidelines, and remove X and Grok from the stores. Make Musk object. Make the Trump administration object. Make them defend the indefensible — in public. Make clear why the apps were removed from the app stores and force Musk — and Trump, if he chooses — to argue that those things are A-OK by them. In court.

The judicious path for Apple and Google (and every other U.S. company) may well be to obey the law, even when the law is being actively corrupted. But the correct path is not to obey in advance. Stand behind the law while the law still exists on your side. Disney resisted Trump’s preposterous demand that they fire Jimmy Kimmel without lasting controversy, simply by standing firm in their conviction. Apple and Google could certainly do the same regarding apps that are being used to generate CSAM and deepfake harassment, regardless if the apps are part of the private fiefdom of Trump’s ally Elon Musk. It’s wise for Cook and Pichai to pick their battles. This one, I think, is worth picking. This is a moment when the App Store and Play Store can stand firmly on the side of longstanding and correct societal norms.

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Solved It!

I finally solved the two remaining problems I was having with downgrading from Tahoe to Sequoia today.

The first that the plug-in “1Password Safari” was crashing the moment Safari started up. It had been working fine prior to my last reinstall. I solved the problem by completely removing both 1Password and the extension. And by completely, I mean completely, drilling down into hidden folders and ripping it all out by the roots. I also logged out of my 1Password account. After I reinstalled both apps from scratch, I was prompted to log into my account, and the extension worked again.

The Ghostscript issue took a bit more detective work. I uninstalled Homebrew and its install of Ghostscript. Then I tried a different loader (MacPorts). All that did was install it in a different location that XnView couldn’t find either…

More Googling/Redditing led me to a website where Ghostscript had been packaged into a stand-alone installer. I ran the next-to-latest version (in case it was some kind of compatibility issue) and held my breath as I rebooted and launched XnView.

It worked!

I’m Really Starting To HATE Apple

Rant incoming.

It wasn’t the “liquid glass” user interface per se. It wasn’t the overly rounded corners on every. damned. window (annoying, but not a total deal breaker). It was the fact that so. much. stuff. was broken. What am I talking about? MacOS 26, aka “Tahoe” of course!

A few days ago I reached my breaking point with things spontaneously opening, Safari refusing to load websites, and numerous other glitches too numerous to mention. As much as I knew it was going to be a pain to go back to Sequoia, I knew it had to be done to maintain my sanity. My only real concern was that when I tried to downgrade another Apple OS many years ago, I learned that with each OS upgrade, Apple also changed the mail database structure, making it impossible to open any locally stored mailboxes once you’ve downgraded to an earlier version. Throwing caution to the wind, however, after verifying the previous night’s full-disc backup was good and creating a Sequoia installer USB, I erased the main drive and set about reinstalling the previous O/S.

After I got Sequoia up and running, I did not use the Migration Assistant to restore all my files and settings from the backup because I didn’t want to transfer all the extra, obsolete garbage that had accumulated over the past several years and O/S installations. So I started reinstalling applications and transferring everything manually.

I was about a quarter of the way through it when I thought, “What if there’s nothing wrong with Tahoe, but rather it was just dealing with all that detritus from previous installations?

So I booted into the recovery partition, verified that “Reinstall Tahoe” was an option (since my previous Tahoe installation had overwritten the recovery partition), and went ahead and erased the drive and started fresh. I booted back into the recovery partition and this time, instead of being greeted with the “Reinstall Tahoe” option, the only thing I had available was “Reinstall Sequoia.” 

What the fuck?

Since I had little choice at this point but to reinstall Sequoia again in order to install a fresh copy of Tahoe, I shut down, inserted the Sequoia boot USB (because it would be quicker than downloading from the internet, which is what that recovery partition option would do), rebooted, and loaded the O/S again from the USB. This still wasn’t ideal since in order to get a clean Tahoe install I would have to install over the clean Sequoia install.

Now if I’d been thinking (which clearly I hadn’t been), I would’ve created a Tahoe USB installer which would have allowed me a new pristine installation of Tahoe to test my theory. But I wasn’t. And I didn’t.

TLDR: After nearly 48 hours, I finally have a functioning system again. At one point yesterday I told Ben, “I quit Windows because of it taking an entire day to rebuild and restore a PC!”  I finally gave up on the Tahoe experiment and late last evening I was finally back up and running with a clean install of Sequoia. Everything I tested worked (with a couple notable exceptions below), and in some cases, worked in ways they hadn’t worked in years. (Did you know you were supposed to get audible notifications when new mail arrived?)

Speaking of mail…my worries about the mail databases was unfounded. I was able to import the original mailboxes without any issues popping up. So that had changed since the last time I attempted it. (Mountain Lion or Mavericks as I remember.)

I realized this morning I’d transferred all my music and the associated library file but had failed to actually start up the Music app to verify that everything worked.  I did that and it balked at the library file. “Cannot use library file because it was created by a later version of MacOS.”

Fuck me.

I’d dodged that bullet with my mail files, but apparently I wasn’t going to be so lucky with my music collection. Visions of me having to reassign thousands of pieces of album art to my collection flashed before my eyes. But what was I gonna do? I went ahead and imported all the files and afterward was pleasantly surprised to see that all but a few dozen recordings were missing art. That I could live with and correct as time allowed.

The other issue that I’m still dealing with is XNView (the application I started using several years ago to catalog and view images when Adobe Bridge started glitching too much) can no longer preview or internally view .pdf files. A prerequisite for this functionality is that Ghostscript is present on the system, so I dutifully installed GS via Homebrew. Despite it being installed, XNView refuses to acknowledge its presence. XNView also insisted on starting fresh when I opened it, even though the configuration files were transferred from my backup. Normally this wouldn’t be horrible because I can recreate all the customization, but I also lost the markers that I’d assigned to individual images to indicate if I’d blogged them, and no matter what I do I have been unable to bring them back.

So if you start noticing duplicates on VoenixRising, you’ll know why.

If I start the application via the terminal everything works, so that tells me Ghostscript is installed correctly. The path to Ghostscript is in the path (I think. Setting paths in MacOS is not anywhere near as simple as it is in Windows), but when starting XNView directly, it’s not finding it.

So this is what I’ve been banging my head against all afternoon, with no resolution in sight.

Oh…and for some reason, two of my contacts absolutely refused to sync from iCloud back to the Mac—but I was able to recreate them locally.

So that’s where we stand this evening. Good, but not great. If there are any Mac users out there who are familiar with setting paths (or getting Ghostscript to be recognized by programs that need it), I’d love to hear from you.

 

A Question For The Hive Mind

Is there a browser out there that doesn’t absolutely suck on a Mac?

I’ve generally stuck with Safari over the years ecause, well, it’s “native.” I keep Firefox on hand for those numerous websites Safari looks at and says, “Nope, not gonna open that. Not gonna give you a reason, either.” But I can’t drag-and-drop photos from the web into my blog composition page like I can with Safari. I like how Safari and Firefox can auto-fill the TFA login confirmations automatically.

I hate the thought of giving Google any more info, but at this point I think they already know all there is to know about me, so I’m experimenting with Chrome.  It seems to do 98% of what I need it to (I’ve run into a few glitches and it doesn’t do the auto-fill).

I’ve tried Brave, Edge, Opera, and even a few more very obscure ones whose names I can’t recall at the moment.

So Mac users…what do y’all use?

Wiley Hodges’ Open Letter to Tim Cook Regarding ICEBlock

From Daring Fireball:

Wiley Hodges, a 22-year veteran of Apple product marketing, who retired in 2022, in an open letter he sent to Tim Cook:

I don’t know where this leaves me as an Apple customer, but I do know that it upsets me as an Apple shareholder. I am asking you and your team to more clearly explain the basis on which you made the decision to remove ICEBlock — and how the government showed good faith and strong evidence in making its demand of Apple, or that you reinstate the app in the App Store.

I hope that as a man of integrity and principle you can understand how outrageous this situation is. Even more, I hope you recognize how every inch you voluntarily give to an authoritarian regime adds to their illegitimately derived power. We are at a critical juncture in our country’s history where we face the imminent threat of the loss of our constitutional republic. It is up to all of us to demand that the rule of law rather than the whims of a handful of people — even elected ones — govern our collective enterprise. Apple and you are better than this. You represent the best of what America can be, and I pray that you will find it in your heart to continue to demonstrate that you are true to the values you have so long and so admirably espoused.

When you give a bully your lunch money, they always come back for more.

Disney learned this. Last December, Disney settled a lawsuit Trump had filed against ABC News and host George Stephanopoulos for $15 million. The lawsuit was bullshit; nearly all experts agreed that if Disney/ABC had taken the case to court, they’d have won. Disney settled — with both the $15 million and “a note of regret” — thinking, surely, that this would get Trump off their back. Put them on Trump’s good side. Then came the Jimmy Kimmel fiasco, when they finally stood up and said, effectively, “Fuck you, make me.”

Hodges, earlier in his letter, makes reference to Apple’s 2016 standoff with the FBI over a locked iPhone belonging to the mass shooter in San Bernardino, California. The FBI and Justice Department pressured Apple to create a version of iOS that would allow them to backdoor the iPhone’s passcode lock. Apple adamantly refused.

The message Trump and his lickspittles surely took from Apple acceding to their “demand” regarding ICEBlock — a demand made without an iota of legal justification, nor any factual justification that the app was being used to put ICE law enforcements agents in harm’s way — is that when they make a demand to Apple, Apple will respond not with the four words “Fuck you, make me” (as they did in the 2016 San Bernardino case), but instead “Whatever you say goes”. It was, obviously, easier for Apple to stand on principle in 2016, when Barack Obama, a president who deeply respected the Constitution and the principle of rule of law, was president. But it’s more important to stand on those same principles with Trump — a would-be mad king with no respect nor even understanding of the Constitution or rule of law — in office.

If not now, when? Apple will, I believe, find out.

Meh.

 

So I created a separate partition on my drive and downloaded and installed it. First impression? Meh. I don’t hate the new UI like so many are complaining about, but I’m also in no hurry to rush out and make it my daily driver. Of course I will when it’s officially released, but right now I see nothing compelling enough to jump wholeheartedly into the beta program and put my data at risk. (Remember, I learned that lesson—unfortunately multiple times—in the past.)

I will say, however, that for the first developer beta of a new O/S, it seems incredibly stable compared to times past. For the few hours I was playing with it nothing locked up, nothing crashed…but admittedly I wasn’t doing any of my usual tasks since none of my daily applications were installed.

I’ll also say that I rather like the new wallpaper, as trivial as that may seem. I snagged it to use with my existing Sequoia installation.

Will This Be The Last Time? Probably.

Yeah, I know. I got a new MacBook Pro after just getting a new one about fifteen months ago. Why? It was just too goddamned heavy. Yes, I appreciated the additional screen real estate, but since I use it connected to a wide-screen monitor when I’m home, the weight/benefit ratio just wasn’t adding up.

I thought about getting the 15-inch Air (like Ben did, the same night), but I needed the one extra port on that came on the Pro.

I also knew that if I was going to replace the 16, with the upcoming threatened tariffs and the soon-to-be accompanying roll-back in my income, it was either now or never. I checked what Apple was offering for the trade-in and pulled the trigger. I’m glad I did. The weight difference is only a couple pounds, but it’s amazing what a difference those few pounds make. It also allowed me to go back to the smaller messenger bag, an added benefit.

This is not “stupid” design. There was a deliberate decision to make the mouse useless while charging. But why?

Perhaps you’re annoyed that you have to pause your work and let it charge, so you’ll buy another one as a backup.

Also, if you own one long enough, eventually its internal battery will deteriorate, offering progressively shorter work time. If it had the chargeing port in the front, you could leave it always attached and still use it, just downgrading your wireless mouse to a wired mouse. It would be acceptable to some people. But this way you have to buy a new one.

Those are two potential chances for additional revenue with just one seemingly “stupid” design choice.

It’s the same as putting critical components next to heat sources in their laptops. Apple doesn’t do stupid things; it does asshole things.